The Dramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeare

The Dramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing Act 4 in the lighthearted comedy 'A lot of excitement about something that is not important' is of extraordinary sensational importance to the entire play, all things considered in Scene 1 where Shakespeare draws out the various sides of the characters to show the complexities of affection and connections. Act 4 Scene 1 is bunched with various occurrences and in this article, I will go through every occasion and portray its significance to the play overall. I will do this by indicating how (with the utilization of language) Shakespeare communicates the sentiments of his characters and uses showy stage activities to stress their feelings. The Scene starts with Claudio's allegation of Hero, who up until now, all through the play has been viewed as a genuine and noteworthy lady. Anyway Claudio charges Hero that she isn't what he thought of her 'Be that as it may, you are progressively over the top in your blood, Than Venus or those spoiled creatures that rage in savage arousing quality. This is stunning and Shakespeare readies its crowd for a scene which speaks to a defining moment for his characters lives through these amazing character changes, as Claudio has never acted like that towards Hero prior in the play. Anyway Claudia's is a simple and blameless character. An explanation behind this already in the play, Claudio is deceive by Don John. Wear John lets him know and swears that Don Pedro has tempted Hero, not for Claudia yet himself: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I heard him swear his affection... Borachio who had heard Don Pedro while he was smoking in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦musty rooms... additionally backs Don Pedro: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦So did I, as well, and he swore he would wed her tonigh... ... how they are both fit for affection yet feared communicating their feelings. Since this play is a lighthearted comedy, Shakespeare is showing how there are good and bad times seeing someone and Act 1 Scene 4 is the sensational scene where Don John's plot is fruitful and the sweetheart's friendship has been broken. Be that as it may, Shakespeare employments Beatrice and Benedick characters as a difference to Claudio and Hero in the scene to make the crowd idealistic about close to home connections. Their open admission to the adoration they share shows how they were taking cover behind a veil of standoffish quality and mind previously. Taking everything into account, this scene is very critical to the play as a entire as it is a defining moment for the characters and Shakespeare receives distinctive utilization of language and symbolism to underline the satire behind sentimental connections.

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive S Essays

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive S Essays Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive Speech) AFTER SCHOOL JOBS In our current reality where excelling less of what you know and a greater amount of what youve done, I feel that after school occupations for understudies are progressively valuable. I dont accept the legends that with an occupation there is no time for school work of extracurricular exercises. I am a lesser, I have had employments since I was 15, I have never had my G.P.A dip under 3.2, and I have consistently been associated with in any event three school exercises. A youngster that has an occupation is increasingly adept to be shown duty, gets familiar with cash and gets a kick off on this present reality after secondary school. One test that I have needed to survive, at the end of the day become more grounded from is that of finding a proper time to complete my schoolwork. I no longer set aside class effort to chip away at my assignments for conceded. While the greater part of my companions who dont work as a rule return home and sit on their couch for four hours before opening their bookbag, I have discovered that Friends and ER can at present run their show without me watching, something I am apprehensive a considerable lot of my companions still can't seem to find. What's more, incredibly enough it is conceivable to go for a considerable length of time without observing any TV! Having a vocation has likewise instructed me to regard authority. I have held employments as a carhop, a server, and a basic food item checker and sacker. Like most employments that high schooler have, I am continually around individuals. Subsequent to being shouted at for half-cooked steak or crushed bread, it is a lot simpler to manage inconsiderate individuals in different circumstances, I am considerably less prone to become annoyed and I comprehend that numerous issues and perspectives rely upon condition. Numerous grown-ups are likewise amazingly dazzled that is programmed for me to address individuals more seasoned than me as maam or sir when I have an inquiry or solicitation. I think another positive was that employments sway young people is that it shows them cash. At the danger of seeming like a codjity elderly person, kids nowadays dont know the estimation of the dollar. I know numerous children that will be in a ton of pain when Mom and Dad aren't there with their wallet to give them cash to go out or purchase their garments and CDs. I currently reconsider before burning through $115 dollars on a couple of shoes when I understand that will cost me thirty hours of working. I likewise have a superior thought of what cash purchases and what things cost. In the wake of perusing endless basic food item adds up to ordinary I am mindful that in the event that I dont land work in composition, I will be living off of Raman Noodles and the infrequent Always Save wiener. I take a gander at charges vastly different now, before I worked I didnt comprehend what the entirety of the whine was about. Yet, in the wake of viewing my small check liquefy away increasingly consistently, I comprehend why at some point the assurance of charges appears the all the more engaging choice. After school employments are extraordinary to get ready for life after secondary school. While I trust it is imperative to keep up solid public activity during secondary school, there aren't numerous compositions or occupations that will acknowledge you since you are engaged with each club advertised. In the event that you pick occupations dependably, there is no explanation while you cannot remain dynamic in school and work. I have not missed a football match-up yet in secondary school and I have been in each play put on by the school. Occupations set you up for the world after school. In the wake of being a server I realize I can look for some kind of employment in for all intents and purposes any not too bad measured town in America. Due to my activity I realize that I cant simply wake up in the grieving and head off to some place that I have not arranged. Much the same as in reality things must be arranged weeks or even a long time ahead of time. On the off chance that I need an occupation I realize how to apply; I realize how to pass a meeting; I realize how to intrigue authority figures, all aptitudes I will require after I graduate. So for all of

Saving Grace Essays - Biology, Natural Environment, Habitat

Redeeming quality Redeeming quality There are a few people who accept that the United States carefully constrained imperiled species laws genuinely hamper our economy. I then again should oppose this idea. The imperiled species laws were made for a significant explanation: to secure our earths natural decent variety. At whatever point humankind meddles with the biological system with the end goal of monetary development it destroys it piece by piece. It is for reasons like these we should have such severe laws, as in the Endangered Species Act. The truth is that a difficult exists. Numerous strategy producers and woodland industry delegates contend that the present backwoods and untamed life conditions comprise a timberland wellbeing emergency. (Subsides, Frost, s logical research group expressed that annihilation of territories, and species termination are two of the four most basic worldwide ecological issues. (Biodiversity, 1999). As can be seen, organizations who wreck the biological system for monetary addition are making irreversible issues that future laws can't right. To keep further issues from happening we should keep up all biodiversity laws. The premise of the laws are to secure all life, including all human life; and are significant for present and people in the future. (Biodiversity, 1999). The national government has assumed responsibility for this circumstance, most prominently through its imperiled species security endeavors. (Biodiversity, 1999). This has gotten a questionable, however important advance in insurance our biological system and the entirety of the significant assets it brings to the table. Understanding those natural issues are subjects of difference emerging from alternate points of view and qualities; the debate of financial increase refrain biological preservation isn't effectively settled. I bolster untamed life protection to forestall termination. I accept without these laws that we as people will endure enormously, on the grounds that we would be not able to receive the rewards of the environment. Besides I concur with the congressional discoveries thatvarious types of fish, untamed life, and plants have been rendered wiped out as an outcome of financial development and advancement untempered by satisfactory concern and conservation.(OLaughlin, 1998). Taking everything into account the advantage to mankind of safeguarding the earth guaranteeing that biodiversity is observed and can't be pulverized. People are a piece of the normal world and as such we should endeavor to associate with it. The proceeded with loss of normal living space detaches us from this world and diminishes out attention to nature. People are the gatekeepers of this world and the entirety of its regular magnificence; hence, we should ensure it no matter what. Natural Issues

Essay Topics - Informative Essay Topics For Effective Essay Writing

Essay Topics - Informative Essay Topics For Effective Essay WritingIn order to earn a high grade in an online course, students must start their essays with informative essay topics. An informative essay is basically about the different topics that can be found in the school curriculum. These essays can serve as helpful tools for students who are interested in excelling. It can also act as a mechanism to earn higher grades for the student.Before you start writing, make sure that the topic that you are going to use for the essay is not only informative, but also helpful for the educational purposes. This is an important requirement before you begin writing your essay. However, you need to make sure that there is no duplication of information.Besides, the essay topics must be interesting to students. In this regard, you must be careful and cautious enough in selecting your topic. You must find out as much information as possible about the topic you are going to write about. Only after y ou are done with this task, you can think of developing your own essay topic.Besides, the informative essay topics should include all the essential information about the subject. This will ensure that students get the information they are looking for. In the long run, they will be more interested in learning the subject. Therefore, it is very important to provide them with all the needed information. As a result, students will love learning about the subject.Since the topic you are going to use for the essay is informative, it should also contain relevant information about the subject for the educational purposes. This means that you must include every single detail about the subject in your essays. They include facts, figures, illustrations, quotes, etc.In order to write informative essays on different topics, you must have great knowledge about the subject. After this, you can just be creative in coming up with ideas to develop your own essay topics. Write as much information as p ossible about the topic. It can also help you add more value to the essay.In fact, the key to writing informative essays on various topics, is to come up with an idea about the topic and then brainstorm on ways to develop an informative essay topics. When you are doing this, you should keep in mind the importance of providing as much information about the topic. Make sure that you make the information interesting and useful. This will make the reader's learning experience more valuable and beneficial.

Tattoos And Its Impact On Society Essay - 955 Words

Tattoos have always been rather appealing to mankind. In today’s Society tattoos have spiraled out of control in my opinion. From the tattoo placement anywhere on the body, to the offensive kind of tattoos; restrictions are absolutely necessary. Some feel as if the Marine Corps shouldn’t have any tattoo restrictions. But I strongly disagree. This Organization has been built on so many great principles, like our Corps Values: â€Å"Honor, Courage, and Commitment.† Then we have our official United States Marine Corps (USMC) slogan: â€Å"The Few, The Proud, The Marines†. We have a reputation for being a professional, disciplined fighting force. Granted, society will always change. From the modern day fads, the fashion statements, to the personal beliefs as well as the need to be an individual; we as a people can change in the blink of an eye. But should we allow that to dictate the USMC? Should we change our foundation because of our society? Although tatto os have become a part of the societal norm, in order to maintain good order, discipline, and a professional military appearance; restrictions must remain in place. There are a few reasons why I believe we should have tattoo restrictions. Our society’s perception of the military, 1st and foremost, will always be extremely important. Without the support and trust of the civilian populace, we as a nation will suffer. The snowball effect will be detrimental, to include: the people not wanting to join the USMC, public altercations dueShow MoreRelatedTattoos And Its Impact On Society1384 Words   |  6 Pagesto look past. Tattoos are one of the most controversial topics when it comes to professionalism mixing with open mindedness. People all across the world have tattoos and are now seen in everyday society. Tattoos have also gone back thousands of years and in some cultures were celebrated, or shown for cultural reasons. Furthermore, the U.S. military is now integrating new poli cies on tattoos, ensuring the domestication, and acceptance of tattoos. Effects of tattoos on modern day society have had a definiteRead MoreTattoos And Its Impact On Society Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesTattoos have always been very appealing to mankind. In today’s Society tattoos have spiraled out of control in my opinion. From the tattoo placement anywhere on the body, to the vulgar and offensive kind of tattoos; restrictions are absolutely necessary. Some feel as if the Marine Corps shouldn’t have any tattoo restrictions. But I strongly disagree. This Organization has been built on so many great principles, like our Corps Values: â€Å"Honor, Courage, and Commitment.† Then we have our official UnitedRead MoreEffects Of Tattoos On Society s Society1392 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Tattoos on Society Having a moral acceptance toward others is an important aspect in sustaining a happy and fulfilled life, but maybe some things that are quite visible can be hard to look past. Tattoos are one of the most controversial topics when it comes to professionalism mixing with open mindedness. People all across the world have tattoos and are now seen in everyday society. Tattoos have also gone back thousands of years and in some cultures were celebrated, or shown for culturalRead MoreModern Day Reasoning For Tattoos1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn a recent Fox News poll, an astounding one in five voters in America admitted to having at least one tattoo (Blanton, 2014). Body art has become increasingly popular over the past several years among a wide range of individuals. With so much attention on tattoos, it is a wonder how and when tattooing began. However, no one really knows for certain when tattooing began, or how it began for that matter. The belief is that tattooing began â€Å"at least by 3300 BCE. That is how far back anthropologistsRead MoreWhy Should People Commit Crime And Labeling Theory From A Sociological Perspective1743 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain how tattooing has become a stigma in today s society. I am going to discuss three similarity views; first they share ties with social strain in deviance, by the way, society is structured. Second, they both deal with crime among minority group as well as crime rates in the United States. Third, both anomie-strain and labeling theory focus on the deviant behavior regarding the individual social and cultural status and how society response to these types of deviant behaviors. I am goingRead MoreNegative Impact of Tattoos1546 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos have decorated bodies for centuries. From religious beliefs, to punishment, to adornment, tattoos have reflected personal stories for each of the bodies it marks. In the modern era, tattoos have become a form of art in which people use to express their indiv idualities. Although one may consider marking their bodies as a positive form of self expression, tattoos can have lasting negative effects on one’s physical, social, and professional lives. Physically, getting a tattoo involvesRead MoreTattoos Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of tattoos, how tattoos are made, and the impact of tattoos in society. Research shows that people have been experimenting with tattoos for many years, as early as c. 2000 B.C. The ancient Egyptians were the ones to help popularize the idea of tattooing. Tattoos have many meanings behind them depending on the culture. Such as for the Ancient Asian cultures tattoos were to help sustain strong physical health. Another example would be the military personnel who get a tattoo to show theirRead MoreTattoos Have Different Meanings Or Significance1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn various societies, tattoos have had different meanings or significance. They have been popular for thousands of years in different cultures, as a common form of body modification. They can be symbolic of one’s self-expression, ‘a mark of individuality’, and body alteration as a compelling symbol. ( Tiggemann Golder, 2006; Patterson Schroeder, 2010 as cited in Atik Yildirim, 2014). Tattoos have been around for so many years that its existence is unclear thus its origin remains a debate inRead MoreEssay About Tattoos960 Words   |  4 PagesAs the art of tattooing has become more popular and accepted within various societies, stigmas and stereotypes of those with such body modifications remain. For over three hundred years, tattoos have been viewed as a deviant act, one that causes individuals to associate those with tattoos with risky and foolish behavior. Despite the characteristics of tattoos being large or small, tribal or fashionable, people did not express any difference in opinion toward individuals who endured the pain of tattooingRead MoreFreedom of Self- Expression: Tattoos and Body Piercings at 16 Should be Permitted1232 Words   |  5 Pagesthat children should have permission to get tattoos and body piercings. I believe that teens should have the authority to get them on our own. The current Texas law states that any person under the age of 18 must have parental permission before getting a tattoo or any body piercing. Identification is required to verify the persons age. I feel that by the age of 16, any student should have the authority to express themselves in a way such as tattoos and body piercings. There are various aspects

The Curriculum And Assessment Framework - 2157 Words

Over the past decade there have been vast changes to our education system here in Northern Ireland. The revamp of the curriculum is described by CCEA (2007) as ‘a curriculum and assessment framework that is capable of meeting the changing needs of pupils, society and the economy.’ Despite the review tackling proposals for change across a wide variety of areas within the curriculum, it can be said that it has failed to meet the changing needs of the pupils in terms of learner voice. Rodgers (2005) defines leaner voice as ‘the active opportunity for students to express their opinions and make decisions regarding the planning, implementation and evaluation of their learning experiences.’ This definition is very fitting to our society today†¦show more content†¦There are various strategies that can be employed to support pupil voice both within the classroom and whole school context. One of the main up and coming strategies that schools seem to be foc using on is that of a school council. School councils are the easiest way for schools to give pupils their say and make decisions about current issues. â€Å"School councils are a very tangible manifestation of pupil voice. They can be important in offering a formal, democratic, transparent and accountable whole-school forum for pupil participation, linking to the broader governance framework of a school† (Alderson 2000:121-34). Surrounding every strategy, there is a widely seen debate about how beneficial or problematic each strategy is. For school councils to be beneficial in promoting pupil voice, there must be a fair representation of all pupils within the school. Levin (1998) described the moral concept surrounding this strategy where democratic practice should lie among the least powerful. The least powerful in our schools are the younger pupils, the quiet pupils and those pupils with SEN. When all individuals are fairly represented the system will lend to adequate and successful learner voice. School councils allow pupils to see first-hand how their needs and views will be responded to and how their opinions will be valued by all. They can be contextualised to a classroom environment whereby each class has a council

Separation of NSAIDs by Capillary Electrophoresis-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Separation of NSAIDs by Capillary Electrophoresis. Answer: NSAIDs Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs as the name suggests are drugs, which are non steroidal in nature. It helps to fight back against the inflammatory reactions and hence they are known as anti-inflammatory drugs. They act as an analgesic and helps to treat pain. It also has anti pyretic actions and suppress the signs and symptoms of inflammation. The classification of NSAIDs on the basis of their chemical nature (Conaghan 2012) Salicylates: Aspirin Sodium salicylate and diflunisal Propionic acid derivatives: ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen Aryl acetic acid derivatives: diclofenac and ketorolac Indole derivatives: indomethacin and sulindac Alkanones: Nabumetone Oxicams: piroxicam and tenoxicam Anthranilic acid derivatives (fenamates): Mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid Pyrazolone derivatives: phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and azapropazone (apazone) dipyrone (novalgine) Aniline derivatives (analgesic only): paracetamol Properties of Salicylates Aspirin is the most important example of Salicylates. It is gets readily absorbed from the stomach and during its passage from the upper part of the small intestine. Upon absorption, it gets distributed all over the body via diffusion in the body fluid, blood. Nearly 50?80% of the salicylate moves via binding with the plasma protein (albumin). Salicylate an active metabolite at times remains conjugated with glucuronic acid and glycine and gets excreted through the kidney and this excretion is further increased via the alkalinization of the urine (Rainsford 2013). Aspirin Mechanism of Action A family of very potent biological signaling molecule, Eicosanoids, acts as short-range messengers. It causes the localized action that is, it affects tissues near the cells that produce them. In response to the hormonal stimulation or other stimuli, Phospholipase A2 (an outer membrane protein of mammalian cell) cleaves membrane glycerophospholipids, releasing Arachidonate from the middle carbon of glycerol. Following this reaction, the enzymes present in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) converts arachidonate into prostaglandins (prostaglandin H2 or PGH2). The peroxides then convert PH2 into the other precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Lehninger 2012). A bifunctional enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX) (also known as prostaglandin H2 synthase) promotes the conversion of the arachidonate into PGH2. Prostaglandin is a secondary mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions. It is produced after the mast cell degranulation and thus causes more pronounced and long lasting effect. Prostaglandin D2 causes broncho constriction. The other prostaglandins caused vasodilatation, contraction of the pulmonary smooth muscles and platelet aggregation (Owen, Punt and Stranford 2013). In order to treat such inflammatory reactions caused by the secondary mediators, Aspirin is prescribed. Aspirin (acetylsalicylate) irreversibly inactivates the activity of the COX. It acetylates the Ser residue present at the active site of the enzyme and thus blocking the enzymes activity and this in turn inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Dovizio et al. 2013). NSAIDs like indomethacin and ibuprofen, inhibits the action of cyclooxygenases via the mechanism of competitive inhibition. They compete with the arachidonate with the active substrate binding site of COX and thus inhibiting the action of the enzyme on Arachidonate. Figure 1: Conversion of arachidonate into prostaglandins and thromboxane (Source: Lehninger 2012; pg 801) Apart from blocking the synthesis of the prostaglansinds, Aspirin also has other notable anti-inflammatory functions (Price et al. 2012; Imazio and Adler 2013). It blocks the action of kinins, which are mediated through the synthesis of prostaglandin Inhibits the adherence of granulocyte to the damaged vasculature and thus inhibiting the mast cell degranulation followed by redness and swelling It stabilizes lysosomal membrane and hence preventing the released of the lysosomal enzymes which has a proteolytic property Inhibits the migration of Poly Morpho Nuclear Neutrophil (PMN), leukocytes and macrophages at the site of inflammation Caffeine, an important NSAID Caffeine plays an important role in pain-related predicaments. It is by far the most widely consumed psychoactive (affecting the mind/behavior) substance round the world. The main action of Caffeine is attributed to its affect on the central nervous system (CNS). It has several stimulating effects on CNS like increased in the level of alertness and decreased in fatigue. It is also used to treat the or nullify the over-the-counter effects of the analgesics (pain-relieving medications). The major source of caffeine is tea, coffee, soda and chocolate. However, the existence of caffeine is also indicated in the drugs, which are used as a stimulant. Caffeine works via binding and blocking the adenosine receptors. Adenosine binds to adenosine receptors and normally induces sleep. Caffeine is known to have similar structural symmetry with that of the adenosine. It competitively inhibits the binding of the adenosine with receptors and on the other hand, it stimulates the release of the adren aline and increases the rate of heartbeat. This increase in the heartbeat and increase in the level of adrenaline reduce sleep and help to stay reenergized or active. Caffeine also reduces pain. Presence of caffeine has been found active in certain analgesic. The prominent presence of caffeine aggravates the pain-relieving effect of those drugs. In lower doses, dietary caffeine is used to prevent certain medications. It also interferes with the effectiveness of the acupuncture via manipulating the effect of adenosine (Syrovaya and Grabovetskaya 2015). Caffeine has been reportedly added into aspirin, acetominophen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It acts as an adjuvant to the analgesic effect and assists in the overall pain-relieving process of the main active drug. Most recent literature suggests that caffeine when used with NSAIDs, may provide fast relief from headache pain, but the same theory does not hold true for the postsurgical pain. Therefore, the use of analgesics with caffeine must be done with caution and under the supervision of medical practitioner. Caffeine amplifies the effects of NSAIDs via accelerating the normal chemical action of NSAIDs (Di et al. 2013). However, for some chronic caffeine users, sudden cessation of the use of caffeine can lead to the generation of withdrawal syndrome and thus accelerating the chronicity of headache and fatigue. On the other hand, several studies have shown that the people who are about to enter surgery, stopping the intake of caffeine for an extended spa n of time, and then again restoring its use on the day of surgery has led to occurrence of post headaches trauma (Mller et al. 2012). Still then, reduced caffeine intake is always recommended in order to reduced the chances of habit formation (Lpez-Cruz et al. 2013). Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is a process of protein separation based on the migration of the charged proteins in an electric field. In this analytical method of protein identification, proteins can be easily separated as well as visualized and thus enabling the researcher to ascertain the number of different proteins present in the mixture or purity of a particular protein mixture. The process also helps in the elucidation of several crucial protein properties such as its isoelectric point and approximate molecular weight. The process electrophoresis is carried out in gels that is made up of the cross-linked polymer, polyacrylamide. This molecular sieve, polyacrylamide gel, slows the migration of proteins based on their charge-to-mass ratio and shape (Lehninger 2012). Figure 2: Electrophoresis Gel Plate (Source: Lehninger 2012) Separation of NSAIDs by Capillary Electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used for analytical method of protein separation or estimation. The majority of CE separations have been performed in the aqueous media. The aqueous medium is prepared with the help of the organic solvents due to their micellar effect in electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. Such effect improves the separation of hydrophobic compounds (Bonvin, Schappler and Rudaz 2014). The organic solvents as the separation media in CE are selected on the basis of several factors: Dielectric constant Viscosity UV-absorbance Capability to increase hydrophobic interactions However, non-aqueous electrolytes are also used as a medium and better solubility of hydrophobic analytes. Non-aqueous media gained importance in the field of identifying those compounds, which are insoluble in water or has poor water solubility, It has also been reported to improve the selectivity of the separation of compounds that have similar electrophoretic mobilities in aqueous media. Another interesting aspect of nonaqueous electrolytes is, such media has complete evaporability and thus, highly suitable for coupling CE with mass spectrometry. CE conducted with aqueous buffers contain high concentration of additives like cyclodextrins, cellulose derivatives and hence, not suitable for the mass spectrometric analysis. Non aqueous electrolytes can be easily prepared with volatile electrolytes (ammonium acetate, ammonia and acetic acid). Such volatile electrolytes has high end applications in mass spectrometry (Zhang et al. 2014). Chemicals and reagents used in CE of NSAIDs Methanol of HPLC grade (maximum 0.02% of water), Ammonium acetate of analytical grade, Ammonia, Acetic acid, Benzylic alcohol, Water (Milli-Q quality) (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA), Piroxicam, Indomethacine, niflumic acid, ketoprofen, suprofen, sulindac, carprofen, indoprofen, flurbiprofen and naproxen are must for CE of NSAIDs. Other important chemicals are alclofenac, and tiaprofenic acid. All the solutions, which are used in CE of NSAIDS must be filtered using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes of 0.22 mm (Altria 2013). The process of CE of NSAIDs The electrophoretic separations must be carried out with the help of uncoated fused-silica capillaries with 50 mm internal diameter and 44 cm length. Before injection, the capillary used must be treated with alkaline solutions (1 M NaOH, 0.1 M NaOH), followed by water and then running buffer. For optimal separation, the CE buffer for NSAIDs must consist 50 mM ammonium acetate 13.75 mM ammonia in different organic solvents, preferably methanol. The applied voltage of the electrophoretic separation must range in between 25 kV. Such voltage range (+/- 25kV) is compatible with both methanolic buffer and other aqueous buffers. The subsequent UV detection after the separation must be performed at 280 nm (this is the standard range for protein). The injections of the NSAIDs must be done in a special hydrodynamic mode for a period of 2 seconds and corresponding amount inserted in each well must not be more than 5.3 nL. Prior the use, the capillary must be thermo stated at 25 degree Centigra de (unless otherwise stated). The test mixtures of NSAIDs must be prepared with extra caution via reconstituting in methanol. While the protein is being loaded into the well, the order must be noted simultaneously in a copy for proper estimation after the run. The electro osmotic flow must always be measured with a neutral marker or ladder, which must be inserted on one side of the well at the extreme right hand or left hand side of the well. The resolution (Rs) and plate number (N) must be calculated according to the standard expressions based on the peak width at half height (Galievsky, Stasheuski and Krylov 2014). The electro osmotic mobility of the methanol medium is lower than that of the effective mobilities of NSAIDs. Therefore, in methanolic system, the polarity of the electrical field needs to be reversed and the NSAIDs must be detected at the anodic end of the capillary and the electroosmotic flow then must moves in the opposite direction. For a standard test, a non-aqueous electrolyte that is made of 50 mM ammonium acetate and 13.75 mM ammonia mixed in methanol is best suited to resolve a mixture of NSAIDs at 25 degree C. The non-aqueous solution increases the separation selectivity of the NSAIDS in CE. If the proteins are more hydrophobic in nature then the selectivity of the separation is increased further. However, when more complex mixture is used, the temperature of separation must be higher that is at least 36o C. Moreover, the methanolic buffer must be mixed with 30% acetonitrile in order to get satisfactory separation for complex NSAIDs mixture at 35o C. Non-aqueous solution also provides better results in comparison to the aqueous solution when planning to separate protein mixtures of similar charge densities (Ali, Sanagi and Aboul?Enein 2014). Comparative Study between Capillary Electrophoresis and HPLC CE has similar mechanism of protein separation like normal electrophoresis but the only difference is, it is carried out inside a capillary. The small diameter of the capillary and its large aspect ratio (length/width) contribute more refinement in the separation. The capillaries were introduced in the process of electrophoresis as an anti-convective heat controlling innovation. The narrow capillary reduces the lateral diffusion and subsequently ensures that the temperature difference between the center of the capillary and the wall is same. Such negligible variance of temperature helps in proper separation and migration of the protein bodies under the action of the charged electronic field. Chromatography is defined as a process of separation of different components in the mixtures or solution based on the relative amounts of each solute distributed over the moving fluid stream known as mobile phase and a contiguous stationary phase. Here the mobile phase used is either liquid or gas while on the other hand, the stationary phase is solid or liquid (Smith 2013). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a modern refinement in the chromatographic method. It is done with the help of a column of smaller diameter (Snyder, Kirkland and Glajch 2012). Within this column, the solvents are forced to move under high pressure. The high-pressure pumps speed up the movement of the protein molecules down the column based on their size and shape. By reducing the transit time on the column, HPLC limits the diffusional spreading of protein bands and thus improve the resolution. Incompressible silica or alumina microbeds are used as stationary phase in HPLC. The incompressible matr ix permits enhanced resolution and high flow rate. HPLC is used to resolve complex mixtures of both lipips and proteins whose properties differ slightly (Rodwell et al. 2015). Other different chromatographic methods include Partition Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography Absorption Chromatography Ion Exchange Chromatography Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Affinity Chromatography Both electrophoresis and chromatography are separation techniques. However, there lies certain difference between chromatography and electrophoresis. Electrophoresis consists of a stationary phase and a wet mobile phase. Here the stationary phase is a solid phase, and the wet mobile phase is either acidic or basic solution. Chromatography also has stationary phase and a mobile phase but in this case, the mobile phase is a liquid orgas phase. Chromatography is used in lipid separation and Electrophoresis is used in the separation of protein or DNA on the basis of their charge and molecular weight. Development of separation technique of NSAIDs The separation of the NSAIDS with the help of CE or other electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques is important because it helps in the size and charge based identification of the proteins. There are several NSAIDS which have very similar physical properties like sulindac , niflumic acid, piroxicam, flufenamic acid, alclofenac, flurbiprofen, tiaprofenic acid, suprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, indomethacin, carprofen and indoprofen. The proper electrophoretic separation and subsequent identification of these proteins on the basis of the charge and mass will help the proper characterization of the chemical nature of the protein. Such characterization will be extremely beneficial in the end because it will help to determine the toxicity, side-effects and dosage (Sultana et al. 2012). Comparative study on the separation technique CE is the best possible way for the separation of the NSAIDS on the basis of their charge my mass ration. The use of the non-aqueous solution as a separation medium has further increased the rate of specificity of the separation. The use of CE over normal electrophoresis is more specific because in CE, the heat distribution is even and thus, promoting the proper and uniform migration of the protein. HPLC however, can also be used for the separation of the NSAIDS the liquid, which is used as the medium of separation in this technique may generate false positive results. Importance of the study The importance of the study of separation of the NSAIDS via CE lies in the fact, it has opened the new gateway towards the elucidation of the mass, charge and size of the proteins. Thus, characterization will subsequently help in proper use of these proteins in generation of anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat several inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory diseases if not treated on an urgent basis may become life threatening. On the other hand, several steroidal drugs, which are available in the market for the treatment of the inflammation, have deadly side effects (Fan and Morand 2012). Few of the common side-effects which are common with the prolong use of the steroidal drugs are Acne Blurred vision Cataracts or glaucoma Susceptibility towards diabetes Easy bruising Insomnia or difficulty in sleeping High blood pressure Cardiac problems Gain or loss in weight Increase appetite Increase growth of body hair (Ciriaco et al., 2013; Waldron et al. 2012) In case of the NSAIDs the side are present but are not as severe as those of the steroidal drugs. Moreover, the prolong use of such drugs do not lead to the habit formation. Due to the their low severity in the side-effects. NSAIDS are considered as the best possible agents for the treatment of the sudden inflammatory reaction. But, in order to formulate the medicines, the nature of the drugs or the characterization of the proteins are important. This characterization of the proteins is done with the help of the electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis to be more precise. Such characterization of proteins helps in the proper identification and each and every NSAIDs which pose similar physical properties including same solubility, viscosity, more of action, colour etc. After the proper characterization pnly, these drugs can be used in the pharmacological industries for the proper formulation of the medicines. Moreover, such characterization may also be proved helpful in estimating the side-effects of the NSAIDs, their respective dose, the critical difference between the closely linked drugs and their rate of action the time of recovery (Lichtenberger et al. 2012). So the identification of the NSAIDs via capillary electrophoresis is indeed an important pathway towards the proper characterization of these drugs References Ali, I., Sanagi, M.M. and Aboul?Enein, H.Y., 2014. Advances in chiral separations by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.Electrophoresis,35(7), pp.926-936. Altria, K.D., 2013.Analysis of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis(Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Bonvin, G., Schappler, J. and Rudaz, S., 2014. Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of acidic compounds using negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.Journal of Chromatography A,1323, pp.163-173. Ciriaco, M., Ventrice, P., Russo, G., Scicchitano, M., Mazzitello, G., Scicchitano, F. and Russo, E., 2013. Corticosteroid-related central nervous system side effects.Journal of pharmacology pharmacotherapeutics,4(Suppl1), p.S94. Conaghan, P.G., 2012. A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity.Rheumatology international,32(6), pp.1491-1502. Di, W., Shi, X., Zhu, Y., Tao, Y., Qi, W., Luo, N., Xiao, Z., Yi, C., Miao, J., Zhang, A. and Zhang, X., 2013. Overuse of paracetamol caffeine aspirin powders affects cerebral glucose metabolism in chronic migraine patients.European journal of neurology,20(4), pp.655-662. Dovizio, M., Bruno, A., Tacconelli, S. and Patrignani, P., 2013. Mode of action of aspirin as a chemopreventive agent. InProspects for chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia(pp. 39-65). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Fan, H. and Morand, E.F., 2012. Targeting the side effects of steroid therapy in autoimmune diseases: the role of GILZ.Discovery medicine,13(69), pp.123-133. Galievsky, V.A., Stasheuski, A.S. and Krylov, S.N., 2014. Capillary electrophoresis for quantitative studies of biomolecular interactions.Analytical chemistry,87(1), pp.157-171. Imazio, M. and Adler, Y., 2013. Treatment with aspirin, NSAID, corticosteroids, and colchicine in acute and recurrent pericarditis.Heart failure reviews,18(3), pp.355-360. Lehninger, A., 2012. Principles of Biochemistry, Nelson DL, Cox MM. pp.92 Lichtenberger, L.M., Zhou, Y., Jayaraman, V., Doyen, J.R., O'Neil, R.G., Dial, E.J., Volk, D.E., Gorenstein, D.G., Boggara, M.B. and Krishnamoorti, R., 2012. Insight into NSAID-induced membrane alterations, pathogenesis and therapeutics: characterization of interaction of NSAIDs with phosphatidylcholine.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,1821(7), pp.994-1002. Lpez-Cruz, L., Salamone, J.D. and Correa, M., 2013. The impact of caffeine on the behavioral effects of ethanol related to abuse and addiction: a review of animal studies.Journal of caffeine research,3(1), pp.9-21. Mller, S.A., Rahbari, N.N., Schneider, F., Warschkow, R., Simon, T., von Frankenberg, M., Bork, U., Weitz, J., Schmied, B.M. and Bchler, M.W., 2012. Randomized clinical trial on the effect of coffee on postoperative ileus following elective colectomy.British Journal of Surgery,99(11), pp.1530-1538. Owen, J.A., Punt, J. and Stranford, S.A., 2013.Kuby immunology(pp. 427-444). New York: WH Freeman; pp 370. Price, M.J., Walder, J.S., Baker, B.A., Heiselman, D.E., Jakubowski, J.A., Logan, D.K., Winters, K.J., Li, W. and Angiolillo, D.J., 2012. Recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of prasugrel or clopidogrel maintenance dosing in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,59(25), pp.2338-2343. Rainsford, K.D., 2013.Aspirin and the Salicylates. Elsevier., pp. 10-50 Rodwell, V., Bender, D., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J. and Weil, P.A., 2015.Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition. McGraw Hill Professional pp.25. Smith, I. ed., 2013.Chromatography. Elsevier. Snyder, L.R., Kirkland, J.J. and Glajch, J.L., 2012.Practical HPLC method development. John Wiley Sons. Sultana, N., Arayne, M.S., Siddiqui, R. and Naveed, S., 2012. RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril and NSAIDs in API, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum.American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,3(2), p.147. Syrovaya, A.O. and Grabovetskaya, E.R., 2015. Experimental study of caffeine influence on antiexudative activity of known NSAIDs of different chemical structure. Waldron, N.H., Jones, C.A., Gan, T.J., Allen, T.K. and Habib, A.S., 2012. Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of anaesthesia,110(2), pp.191-200. Zhang, J., Du, Y., Zhang, Q. and Lei, Y., 2014. Evaluation of vancomycin-based synergistic system with amino acid ester chiral ionic liquids as additives for enantioseparation of non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs by capillary electrophoresis.Talanta,119, pp.193-201.h

Optical Distortion inc Essay Example

Optical Distortion inc Essay Introduction Optical Distortion, Inc. (DOD), is a small, new company that has developed contact lenses designed to impair the vision of egg-producing farm chickens. This development came after an accidental discovery that partially blind chickens demonstrate more manageable and productive behaviors that are valuable to chicken farmers. Market Trends As within many industries, the poultry and egg production market has evolved dramatically in the last century from small backyard barnyards to todays high- production farms of more than 2. 5 million birds. Due to the varied demands and operations necessitated by this current, broad spectrum of customers (here, chicken farmers), the current market is best understood by segmenting it first by flock size. As shown in Exhibit 4 of the case study, we see the percentage growth (decline) of each flock size segment as it relates to farm size and chicken count from 1964 to 1996. Based on this data, farms with flock sizes less than 10,000 chickens have dramatically reduced in this time period while farms with flock sizes larger than 10,000 have consistently grown in each of the four high-volume segments. We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally, the market data also demonstrates a significant progression of incineration both regionally as well as in the nations number of industry producers. In 1974, 80% of the laying hens in the United States were housed in Just 3% of the countrys chicken farms. Ii Regionally speaking, the farms have evolved into concentrations in where Just three statesCalifornia, North Carolina, and Georgia account for more 25% of the nations chickens. Iii Finally, additional research projects continued growth in the U. S. Chicken population in the following five years (1975-1979). The projection estimates a steady population growth of 4. % within this timeshare. Coinciding with this projected population growth is the parallel expectation that the trends of large-flock farms will continue to realize the highest industry margins. Also expected to continue is the concentrated trend whereby 80% of chickens are owned by Just 3% of U. S. Chicken farms. Iv Benefits and Risks to Chicken Farmers The main benefit to farmers is in their replacing the practice of debarking with Odds contact lenses. Chickens are social birds and part of their natural desire to organize a social order within their respective flocks relies upon physical fighting and pecking to create a hierarchy. This process leads to chicken mortality and also impacts egg reduction, among other disruptions. The following are benefits realized by substituting DOD lenses for debarking: Reduction in flock mortality from 9% to 4. 5%. Vi This reduction in bird replacement costs would represent approximately $2,160 in annual savings. Debarking-related trauma results in the loss of 1 egg per year per wearing DOD lenses, chickens feed more efficiently, therefore allowing farmers to reduce the depth of the feed in troughs by 3/8 or more. Farmers would save more than 156 pounds of feed per day if their chickens are using lenses and not debarked. 1 56 pounds per day is the equivalent of 56,940 pounds per year, or, 28. 7 non-metric tons. This is a savings of $4,498. 26 per year. Annual associated labor costs are virtually a wash, but lenses fall slightly cheaper than debarking. See Exhibit A. Summary of key (gross) savings to be realized by farmer = $7,506. 74 5. 15). Estimated cost of DOD lenses = $4,000. 00. Net savings = $3,506. 74 per year. The risks that exist for farmers should they substitute the DOD lenses for the practice of debarking may include: The lenses may not function as expected, require additional maintenance or time inspecting or correcting improper installation Unknown risks associated with long-term wear (complete blindness, impact on egg production, appetite) Flock reliance upon the product and lack of control on changes in product costs (and no competitive alternatives) Marketing Program Farmers will find out about this product from trade shows and local, on-the- ground salespeople. These are traditionally independent-minded men that will need to be convinced face-to-face (preferably by someone that they trust) that Odds lenses work, are easy to incorporate into their flocks, and create significant savings for their farms. Theyll decide to buy once they are convinced that the lenses work. They are likely not high-risk buyers that would be willing to spend money on less-traditional operating methods. DOD must demonstrate local or regional knowledge of the market and industry, and ideally, will be able to share and demonstrate local success within one or more of the regions chicken farms as part of the effort to convince new farmers to replace debarking with Odds lenses. Additionally, being able to demonstrate real savings to farm operations will be very important to convincing the rammers to purchase the lenses. As a segment, they will be suspicious of the value of the lenses until after considerable experience with the lenses. Viii I believe that DOD should launch the new lenses and I would recommend the initial price be set at $50. 0 per box of 250 pair, or $0. 20 per pair. I believe that this price will allow the product to have the necessary credibility in the marketplace as a product that is a legitimate alternative to debarking. Additionally, this will allow for discount pricing if needed for trial periods and demonstration projectstwo tragic activities that will be valuabl e to the initial roll out of the product to this market segment. While the increase in initial pricing may require more intense sales efforts, I am also proposing a sharper, more focused regional market: California. Geographically, California is the largest region for Odds targeted market of chicken farmers with more than 521 farms and approximately 40 million chickens (on farms of 20,000 flock size or greater). I also propose that DOD focus all efforts on California, particularly its larger farms in an effort to maximize its sales force and to increase Odds chances of success (as previously demonstrated, savings are larger for larger larger farms may have the potential to be more innovative or at least more likely to be interested in new opportunities since they are typically managed as more sophisticated businesses. Going forward, I believe that the product has a place in the market. Projections demonstrate an increase in chicken populations nationally in the coming five years as well as an expansion of the large-flock farms. Fortunately for DOD, the savings realized by the utilization of the lenses are dramatically higher when called against larger flocks/farms, particularly as it relates to feed savings. For farms of 50,000 chickens (which have grown by more than 83% in the last five years and are forecasted to continue), the gross feed savings alone can exceed $11,000 per year. X Additionally, at $0. 20 per pair, DOD can afford to maximize its start-up costs I further recommend that DOD utilize a more focused roll-out method and to identify a test farm to which it can donate and install the lenses (preferably not for free, but discounted). This opportunity would demonstrate valuable proof to other rammers in the region that may be more difficult to convince or that need more experience with t he lenses before making a decision. One difficulty is proving (or realizing) benefits with the lenses by installing lenses on a few of the birds. By design, the social behaviors of the flock will not measurably change unless the lenses are on all of the birds. Break Even Analysis An analysis of the proposed price for the DOD lenses less the fixed costs (Exhibit B) and the variable costs (changes in production costs) would provide the profits for DOD. The break even pricing will be between $0. 08 and $0. 15 per pair.

Each vs. Both

Each vs. Both Each vs. Both Each vs. Both By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, What is the correct usage for each and both? Example: You and I both know what its like. or You and I each know what its like. Each is singular. In relation to a group, it means â€Å"all of any number, considered individually.† Examples of usage: Each child in the school has been vaccinated against smallpox. When groups of individuals join together in business partnerships,  each  member of the partnership becomes bound by basic legal  duties.   Both is plural. It refers to two of something. Examples of usage: Both men are Nobel Prize winners. Walthers lectures were  both informative and entertaining. When speaking of two people, both is usually the more appropriate choice. The only reason to use each when speaking of two people/things would be to emphasize the individuality of separate acts or to avoid ambiguity. Consider the following sentences: 1. Jack and Bill share a room. Both are responsible for cleaning half. 2. Mr. Jones gave both his daughters a dog. 3. Both of us received a letter this morning. Most listeners would understand the first sentence to mean that each boy is responsible for one half of the room. Sentence three might be understood to mean that each of the two received separate letters. Sentence two is definitely ambiguous: Did each daughter receive a dog of her own, or did both daughters receive one dog to share? The following revisions would prevent misunderstanding: 1. Jack and Bill share a room. Each is responsible for cleaning half. 2. Mr. Jones gave each of his daughters a dog. 3. Each of us received a letter this morning. In the reader’s question, the first example is correct: â€Å"You and I both know what its like.† The second example presents an impossibility of agreement: â€Å"You and I each know what its like.† The subject â€Å"You and I† is plural and requires the plural verb know. The word each, however, is singular and would require the singular verb knows. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S30 Baseball Idioms10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Business proposal - Operations Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business proposal - Operations Plan - Term Paper Example The importance of operational planning is dependent on the nature of the business. A manufacturing business requires more attention towards the production facilities and operational issues as compared to a retail or service business which involves lesser operational complexity (Lasher, 2010; Ford, Bornstein & Pruitt, 2010; Gaspar, 2013; Maynard, 2012). Business operation Total Alignment is a mattress company who has planned to introduce a system of computerized automatic adjustable mattress named Total Alignment Sleep Mattress 4000 System. The company has entered into an agreement with Ethan Allen, who have agreed to sell the mattresses designed by Total Alignment for a percentage of sales cost. The organization will be using third party distribution channels that are located in Los Angeles. The mattresses are either shipped directly to the stores or to the customers. Thus, the mattresses will be manufactured by Total Alignment and the orders will be distributed by the third party ch annel. Ethan Allen will be selling those mattresses. Daily Operation Firstly, the manufacturing of the mattresses will take place in the manufacturing plant of the Total Alignment, in the presence of technical experts along with other unit members. Quality control team will also be there at the manufacturing plant. The team will be responsible to check each manufactured mattresses for technical failures and to provide approval to the desired quality. The differentiating feature of these mattresses is the technological singularity. So, care should be taken that this aspect of the product meets and retains the expectations. After the product passes the quality check, they are ready to be packed and stored the warehouse. The mattresses will be sold through Ethan Allen who on receiving an order for the mattress will inform the company warehouse. They in turn will immediately deliver the product either to Ethan Allen or directly to the customer. This depends upon the individual delivery dates of the ordered products. If they have an immediate requirement, then the products will be directly delivered to the customers. Otherwise, they will be delivered first to the store and later to the customer. The whole process will be implemented in a computerized manner so that errors are minimal. Figure 1: Operational Flow Source: (Author’s Creation) Planning for increased demand The product that Total Alignment is developing, promises to generate a huge demand amongst the customers because of its long lists of benefits such as, health related advantages, variation in size of the mattresses and lifetime warranty on maintenance and repair. If the customer response to these features is high, thereby leading to high demand, then the organization will be compelled to increase their production in order to cater to the rising demand of the customers. In order to increase the production, Total Alignment will need to increase their manpower along with installation of more equip ment. Increase in only any one of the factors will not lead to the desired outcome. Thus, both the factors must be increased in order to enhance the production. By increasing the number of equipments installed, one can increase the prod

Ergonomics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ergonomics - Research Proposal Example Hence, a reasonable application of the principles of ergonomics diminishes the disorders and injuries caused due to repetitive motion, faulty posture and an over use of body muscles. This can be achieved by taking into consideration the physical abilities and concerns of the employees while fabricating various attributes of the workplace environment like tasks, hardware, space, lighting, controls, storage space, etc (MacLeod 2006). The primary concern of ergonomics is to optimally enhance the element of comfort at workplace so as to make way for maximum efficiency. Thus the human-machine interface at work should be so arranged so as to extend the desirable physical and mental comfort to the employees. This definitely enhances the efficiency and productivity at work by making the scheduled and general tasks relatively easier and facile. Therefore, ergonomics can play a positive role in bettering the scope of human resources in any institution and organization (Helander 2005). Though the advent of digital gadgets like the computers, fax machines, telephones, scanners, photocopiers, etc has added a measure of speed and accuracy to the work culture, such devices certainly have physical and mental issues associated with them. ... ning and faulty usage of digital gadgets could lead to a counterproductive compromising of the comfort associated with the back, shoulder, neck and wrist movements, which is so cardinal to the overall health and productivity of the employees (Wogalter 2006). In order to enable the individual employees to find out their desirable comfort zone, it is imperative for the digital hardware installed in the office to comply with ergonomic principles. In fact the manufacturers now days are trying their best to come out with the customized lines of ergonomic digital gadgets. Besides there is a growing awareness amongst the employers regarding the benefits of hardware ergonomics (Stein et al 2006). A more then average initiative is being taken by the manufacturers and the organizations to incorporate the elements of cutting-edge ergonomics at work to reduce stress, to stimulate productivity and to diminish employee absenteeism. Introducing ergonomics in the designing of office furniture and di gital gadgets like offering adjustable chairs with lumbar support, right sized desks, adjustable keyboards, trackballs, good lighting, low glare monitors can do wonders for the work environment in an office (Alexander 2006).2.0 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to redesign a workplace for two employees (124cmx75cm), in coherence with the principles of ergonomics (Picture 1). The office under consideration is equipped with an array of digital gadgets and furniture like computers, printer, coffee maker, cupboards, desks, chairs, which are not placed in compliance with the employee comfort. There is no denying the fact that digital gadgets though being efficiency multipliers have physical and mental issues associated with them,

Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff Essay Example for Free

Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff Essay How does R.C Sherriff present life in the trenches for the soldiers or World War 1 and the conditions they had to endure? In the play Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff, he describes many conditions that the soldiers had to endure. Life in the trenches was bad, but the men who were signing up for the war were told that it was all a big game, a walk in the park. However, when they got there they got a shock. R.C. Sherriff wanted to tell them all to know the truth about the war. First he starts the play by describing the living conditions: [A pale glimmer of the moonlight shines down the narrow steps into one corner of the dugout.] The words narrow and corner show that they live in a small, narrow and cramped place. Not only was it cramped but it was muddy, cold and wet, and it would be very uncomfortable. If the moonlight can come into the dugout and hit onto a corner of the wall, shows that it is very small and with a company of soldiers living their then that will make it even tighter and there wouldnt be much privacy. The soldiers had to sleep in their uniforms to stay warm, and incase there was an attack at any point, then they would be ready at a moments notice. [As he carefully turns his sock this way and that feeling it against his face to see if its dry,] Having it on constantly would cause moist to appear in the boots and any crevices in the body so they had to stay as clean as possible. But when they took off their boots, because they had them on for a long time, often their toes would come off as well. When reading this, I thought about how uncomfortable they must feel, and this same message would be out to all other readers, and would put people off from going to war. As well as the cramped, cold and wet conditions, they had to put up with little rations of food that tasted horrible, but on occasions, a nice piece of chicken. These are the men that are fighting for our countries, and our lives, and all they get is a small ration and a cheer up from the next poor sap who has to suffer: Trotter: Whats this? Maison: Meat sir. Trotter: I know that. What sort? Maison: Sort of cutlet, sir. The words sort of cutlet shows that the food that they get is low quality, a sort of meat that not good enough to be actual cutlet, and its not good enough to feed the British Army. They are being fed the bare essentials, and if they got any less then I think that they would die from malnutrition. This would also put people off from going to war, because they know that if they are not going to be treated accordingly, and not like animals, then they wont go to war. If the soldiers werent worrying about their food, then they were definitely worrying about the war itself. Many men went mad because of the loud crashes of the bombs and the constant rattle of the guns, some soldiers were so afraid of the war, and because they were told that it was a game, then they would make up conditions so that they didnt have to fight: I dont think that I can manage any supper tonight, Stanhope. Its this beastly neuralgia. It seems to be right inside this eye. The beastly pain gets worse every day. The words beastly pain and worse shows that the conditions were so bad, that Hibbert would pretend that he had neuralgia so that he could be sent home. There were many men out in the war who didnt want to be there, but had to go, and they would try anything to get home. Some soldiers, because of the pressure to go out and fight, they would kill themselves, but this was rare. Along with the pressure of war, they had to deal with other things that affected the mind, like sleep and other peoples thoughts. When they didnt get enough sleep they would get agitated and would spend days without sleep, and if they got on the wrong side of someone, then this would agitate them more, and could lead to outburst at the smallest things: Stanhope: Sit down. Raleigh: Its all right, thanks. Stanhope (Suddenly shouting) Sit down! Stanhope had not slept for days and just the little thing of Raleigh getting on the wrong side of him made him snap. R.C. Sherriff shows that Stanhope is angry in the stage directions: (Suddenly shouting). He gives the reader the impression that Raleigh, because he is the newest, that he doesnt fit in with the rest of the group, that what he is doing is wrong, because he doesnt know any better. Because of this Stanhope gets very angry very quickly. All of these are ways of showing the conditions in which the men had to face during the war. Not only was it the war itself but the pressure of being in a cramped environment, with lots of other men, in the cold and dirt, with little food. R.C. Sherriff brings to the readers what the conditions of war are really like.

Human Worth and Religion in Revelation :: Revelation

The story revelation is one that demonstrates and explains Human Worth, Religion, and Society in a very extreme, but very understandable way. Mrs. Turpin who believes that in society there are people like her and her husband ( home and land owners) who are above all others except people with more money and land. â€Å"On the bottom of the heap were most colored people [†¦] then next to them not above just away from them were the white-trash, and then above them the home and land owners to which she a Claud belonged.† She has a very strong belief this and Thanks God that he didn’t make her like any of those people below her. Even goes as far as debating lives if God would have a given her a choice between any of the people she thinks she is better than. A trip to the doctor’s office for her husband’s ulcer brings a new â€Å"revelation† for Mrs. Turpin. While observing the people in the waiting room, she analyzes them and gives them titles in the groups below her. White- trash, ugly and so on. There is one girl in the room though who seems to really have something against Mrs. Turpin. Every comment she makes seems to upset the young girl and make her agitation to rise. It disturbs and also confuses her because she can’t understand why the girl who doesn’t even know her would want to ac so rudely towards such a kind a giving woman such as her. â€Å"All at once the ugly girl turned her lips inside out again. Her eyes fixed like two drills on Mrs. Turpin. T his time there was no mistaking that there was something urgent behind them.† Continuing on in conversation with the white- trash an outburst of thanking the lord aloud causes the young lady to suddenly hurl the book she was reading at Mrs. Turpin and jumping across the table and attempting to choke her. The nurse and doctor try to contain the young girl while slowly giving her a shot in the arm to calm her insanity down. Leaving everyone in shock and disbelief, especially in the case of Mrs. Turpin she boldly asks what the girl has to say to her. Settling her eyes on her the young girl says in a clear, but quiet tone â€Å"Go back to hell where you came from, you old warthog.† This ugly nasty young girl is the thing through which the truth is revealed to Mrs.

Parle G

Parle G The following case study is from the Richard Ivey School of Business. It is about the development of a leading Indian biscuit manufacturer, called Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. Company overview The company was found in 1929 as a candy manufacturer and started producing biscuits in 1939. At this time only few processed and ready-to-eat food items were available. Parle G are glucose biscuits and the company’s flag brand. It became the largest selling biscuit brand by volume in 2002.The company was using a mass market strategy which is why the price of the Parle G biscuits has maintained 1$ per Kilo since 1990. In 2009 the company had 74% of the market shares of the Indian glucose biscuit category. The biscuits were sold in 2. 5 million outlets. Other brands of Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. are Marie in the tea time category and Hide n Seek and five other brands in the premium category. In 2008/2009 the company recorded sales revenues of INR35 billion. 68 percent came from Parle G. The company is known all over India for offering high value for a low price (value for money).The products are available in India, Bangladesh and South Africa because the company had adopted a â€Å"follow the costumer† strategy in order to maintain low marketing costs. The two main target groups are 5-14 year old children and their mothers next to institutions. Until 1992 there was only little competition in the sector when Surya Food & Agro Limited entered the market. From 1999 on several companies such as Britannia Industries Ltd. and Hindustan Unilever Ltd. also entered the market because of the high potential in the premium category due to the change of income in Indian households.Problem statement Since 2004 the company had to deal with rising costs of the two main raw materials – sugar and wheat. In 2004 the company tried to raise the prices of its most popular product the 100g packet by 12. 5%. Within 6 month the sales dropped by more than 40%. In 2008 the raw material prices raised again. The management decided to do a hidden raise in price by reducing the weight of the 100g package slowly to 82. 5g without losing high sales. In 2009 the margin from Parle G had fallen from 15 to 10% of the revenue within the last 18 years, which is why Parle G needs a new strategy.The consumers’ perception was rooted so strongly in the low price that it was undermining other product attributes such as quality and taste. This made it impossible to raise the price. The company tried to deal with this problem by changing to a cheaper packaging material and dealing directly with the raw material deliverers. Alternatives There are several approaches to restore the margins to minimum 15% of the revenues again. To evaluate the different strategies two criteria have been selected – costs and time.One approach would be repositioning the brand as a qualitatively high and tasty product for which the costumers do not mind spending more money on. This strategy would be cost intensive and would take at least 12 – 18 month to see the first results. The brand also exists since 1939 which is why it would be very difficult to change people’s prescription of the brand. Therefore it is not the best strategy at this moment. The second strategy could be introducing product variations like for example with different flavours which can be sold for 20 – 25% more expensive than the normal Parle G.The costs for this would be high because of the different researches that have to be conducted, the increasing production costs and the upcoming marketing costs. It would take 6 – 12 month to introduce a new product. This is why this strategy is also not ideal. The third strategy is offering one more brand in the premium category because of the increasing demand in this sector. The fact that Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. already offers 6 brands in the premium category, as well as the high costs of research, production and marke ting are the reason to dismiss this idea.It would also again take 6 – 12 month to introduce the new product which is why a better strategy needs to be found. Plan of Action Another approach would be offering only 4 or 5 instead of 12 different price categories to safe packaging costs. The costs for this action would be very low compared to the other strategies. The time this strategy needs would also be short which is why this a very good short term approach. In order to also find a long term strategy the idea of exporting into more than 2 countries should be reconsidered. A brand can only grow to a certain point f it does not become an international brand. Parle G is at the point where it is no longer enough to only sell within India, Bangladesh and South Africa. The company has to expand in countries with a high amount of Indian citizens, low competition and an increasing demand in biscuits. Therefore several researches have to be conducted because this measure is very cost ly and also very time intensive. But it is necessary for Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. to become a global player in order to restore the margins to minimum 15% of the revenues again and to secure company growth within the next 15 – 20 years.Therefore both criteria time and money can be neglected. The best course of action is changing the offers from 12 to 4 price categories starting within the next 10 – 14 days as a short term plan. The long term plan is exporting Parle G into at least 3 different countries within the next 15 month and 10 countries within the next 3 years. The company should try to conquer the institutional sectors first by offering at least 5-7% discount on bulk purchases at the beginning and create a demand within the rest of the population (pull-concept).

Darkness Poem Analysis - 1452 Words

â€Å"Lump of death.† A little something of nothing. That’s not possible. How can something exist from nothing? Lord Byron’s poem, â€Å"Darkness,† brings about the concept of battling darkness with light, trying to bring light out of darkness only to prove to be futile. Byron not only starts off immediately contradicting himself, but continuously does so throughout the poem through his particular use of vocabulary. His word choice ultimately shows how he cannot determine what he means, since everything he says is followed by an opposite. The idea that darkness conquers all in the end in Lord Byron’s poem is derailed because of his specific word choice and the chaos it brings to the poem’s overall meaning; the contradictory vocabulary completely†¦show more content†¦However, if they claim it is a dream and then immediately contradict that, then it cannot be a dream at all ever. That raises the question of how the rest of the poem sho uld be interpreted – as a dream or as some partial truth? That leads into another question: if this was interpreted as a dream, then would it really hold any weight? Would we take anything away from this as we would if we chose to make this a reality? The fact that the first half of the first line sounds so determinate, and then is completely undermined by the â€Å"which was not all a dream.† This line shows right away that it is already contradictory. The next phrase that is striking is â€Å"fearful hope.† The fearful hope in the initial reading is that of understanding of why there would be some lingering fear while also trying to hold onto hope in the fight against darkness. However, fear and hope do not go together, at least they seem like they should not because how can you fear yet be hopeful. If you are afraid of what is to come, then how can there be hope about what is to come. For â€Å"all the World† to have fearful hope, then the World is not hopeful, they are just afraid of the darkness. As each fire dwindles down to embers, their hope dwindles into just fear, but was there really any hope to begin with if it was a â€Å"fearful hope?† No. How can two extremes coexist? If someone is fearful ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Darkness At Noon 1429 Words   |  6 Pagesforeigners. Many works have been influenced by oppression, xenophobia and dystopias around the world. In District 9 and Darkness at Noon, oppression, dystopia, and xenophobia are key themes which appear across these works to show the imperfections of human governing. Oppression is a complication the human race is not proud of. Nicholas Salmanovitch Rubashov is the main character in Darkness at Noon. He is an old Bolshevik or communist, who works for the Communist Party. In the book, the Communist PartyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem V Darkness 1977 Words   |  8 Pages(not edited) Nova s P.O.V Darkness... Darkness is all I see right now I somehow know I m not dead but not alive either I m in between both like a coma not dead nor alive just sleeping. I look around trying to find away out, Hello? I ask but nothing happens I start walking around with no direction not knowing if I m going round and round I m not scared I actually feel relaxed I don t know why. Hello? I ask again, this time something appears in front of me it s like a movie screen I stareRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Darkness Within Men By Steve Mcqueen937 Words   |  4 Pageswill be beautiful; it is man that muddies our retrospective visions. Yet, Steve McQueen allows us to breathe for the beauty itself often provides relief from horrific previous scenes; he simply does not create â€Å"empty† breaks. 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Incandescent.† Morning in the Burned House by Margaret Atwood is a poem describing the mind of a burned house and of how it is tormented by pain and evil; and yet, in the midst of this darkness, there is light to guide the soul of the house to safety and into a world of peace and forgiveness. The two stanzas chosen for this analysis are the final two stanzas, in which pain and peace are both shown in different perspectives. â€Å"Bare child’s feet onRead MoreLiterature Analysis Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Analysis Noah Serna Western Governors University Humanities C100 January 15, 2016 Personal Observations of the Work The work of literature that I chose to do my initial observations on is a poem written by Phillis Wheatley, called â€Å"To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works.† This poem was written during the enlightenment period. I particularly chose this poem because I always had an interest in reading about AfricanRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe727 Words   |  3 Pagesuse of consonance as well) (13); Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, / Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before (19-20)†. Analysis : â€Å"The raven† is a poem written by Ellan Edgar Poe. The reason why using alliteration is important because it attracts attention to particular words when they are used with other various types of sound devices like assonance, metre, and rhythm. For example in the poem in line 1, Poe uses the w sound, included theRead MoreThe Raven Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the poem and tells the narrator that he and his lover are â€Å"Nevermore.† Poe presents the downfall of the narrator’s mind through the raven and many chilling events. By thorough review and studying of Edgar Allan Poe’s work, one can fully understand the single effect, theme, and repetition in â€Å"The Raven.† Many literary critics have observed and noted the use of single effect in Edgar Allan Poe’s works. In â€Å"The Raven,† Poe chooses single effect as a dominant attribute to the poem as a wholeRead MoreInvictus Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Invictus Poetries are the many ways that people can express their feeling and emotion. They are the manifest of everything that the authors contribute into. In Poetry, whether its sadness or happiness, they are the nature of the authors soul and body. In the poem Invictus meaning unconquerable in Latin, the author William Ernest Henley wrote this poem in a life and death situation. Henley wrote this poem during his time in the hospital, being treated of tuberculosis as well as havingRead MoreTraveling Through The Dark By William Stafford1315 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Traveling through the Dark† is a poem written by William Stafford in 1962. In the poem, we are introduced to the speaker who is out driving with his car on a mountain road when he discovers a dead deer on the edge of the road. William Stafford provides the poem with an exciting, story-telling type of poem. However, he does provide the poem with a powerful dilemma. The protagonist, which I believe is a male, due to the f act that he was able to drag and push the heavy deer, is left with a choice to